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economic sectors --- economic sectors --- Employment --- Employment --- Support measures --- Support measures --- Regulations --- Regulations --- living standards --- living standards --- Development policies --- Development policies --- Research policies --- Research policies --- Educational policies --- Educational policies --- Demography --- Demography --- Environmental policies --- Environmental policies --- land use --- land use --- Wallonie

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Baulch, Chuyen, Haughton, and Haughton examine the latest quantitative evidence on disparities in living standards between and among different ethnic groups in Vietnam. Using data from the 1998 Vietnam Living Standards Survey and 1999 Census, they show that Kinh and Hoa ("majority") households have substantially higher living standards than "minority" households from Vietnam's other 52 ethnic groups. Subdividing the population into five broad categories, the authors find that while the Kinh, Hoa, Khmer, and Northern Highland minorities have benefited from economic growth in the 1990s, the growth of Central Highland minorities has stagnated. Disaggregating further, they find that the same ethnic groups whose living standards have risen fastest are those that have the highest school enrollment rates, are most likely to intermarry with Kinh partners, and are the least likely to practice a religion. The authors then estimate and decompose a set of expenditure regressions which show that even if minority households had the same endowments as Kinh households, this would close no more than a third of the gap in per capita expenditures. While some ethnic minorities seem to be doing well with a strategy of assimilating (both culturally and economically) with the Kinh-Hoa majority, other groups are attempting to integrate economically while retaining distinct cultural identities. A third group comprising the Central Highland minorities, including the Hmong, is largely being left behind by the growth process. Such diversity in the socioeconomic development experiences of the different ethnic minorities indicates the need for similar diversity in the policy interventions that are designed to assist them. This paper-a product of Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study household welfare and poverty reduction in Vietnam. Jonathan Haughton may be contacted at jhaughto@beaconhill.org.

Adoption --- Anthropology --- Communities & Human Settlements --- Culture & Development --- Disability --- Economic Growth --- Education --- Education for All --- Ethnic Groups --- Fertility --- Fertility Rate --- Gender --- Gender and Education --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Housing and Human Habitats --- Human Capital --- Living Standards --- Minority --- Policy --- Population --- Population Policies --- Populations --- Poverty --- Poverty Reduction --- Primary Education --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- School Enrolment --- Small Area Estimation Poverty Mapping --- Social Protections and Labor --- Socioeconomic Development --- Socioeconomic Differences --- Urban Areas --- Women --- Workshop --- Young Children

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International economic relations --- International economic integration --- Globalization --- Economic aspects --- Mondialisation --- Politique fiscale --- Fiscal policies --- Politique monétaire --- Monetary policies --- Politique de l'environnement --- Environmental policies --- Politique de marché --- Marketing policies --- Politique du commerce international --- Trade policies --- Politique sociale --- Social policies --- Système politique --- political systems --- Niveau de vie --- living standards --- Politique des structures --- Structural policies --- AA / International- internationaal --- 330.50 --- 330.52 --- 382.11 --- Economische en sociale stelsels: algemeenheden. --- Liberaal systeem. Neo-liberalisme. Theorie van de onderhandeling. --- Theorie van het internationale evenwicht. Economische onafhankelijkheid van een natie. Globalisering. Mondialisering. --- Economische en sociale stelsels: algemeenheden --- Liberaal systeem. Neo-liberalisme. Theorie van de onderhandeling --- Theorie van het internationale evenwicht. Economische onafhankelijkheid van een natie. Globalisering. Mondialisering --- Globalization - Economic aspects

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General ecology and biosociology --- Human medicine --- Health services accessibility --- Socioeconomic factors --- Equality --- Services de santé --- Egalité (Sociologie) --- Periodicals --- Health aspects --- Accessibilité --- Périodiques --- Aspect sanitaire --- Health Services Accessibility. --- Socioeconomic Factors. --- Health services accessibility. --- Health aspects. --- Health & Medicine (General) --- Access to health care --- Accessibility of health services --- Availability of health services --- Medical care --- Factors, Socioeconomic --- High-Income Population --- Inequalities --- Land Tenure --- Standard of Living --- Factor, Socioeconomic --- High Income Population --- High-Income Populations --- Inequality --- Living Standard --- Living Standards --- Population, High-Income --- Populations, High-Income --- Socioeconomic Factor --- Tenure, Land --- Accessibility, Health Services --- Contraceptive Availability --- Health Services Geographic Accessibility --- Program Accessibility --- Access to Health Care --- Accessibility of Health Services --- Availability of Health Services --- Accessibility, Program --- Availability, Contraceptive --- Health Services Availability --- Egalitarianism --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Access --- public health --- health policy --- social determinants of health --- health equity --- Economics --- Medically Underserved Area --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Health & Medicine (General). --- Public Health - General --- Social Inequalities --- Social Inequality --- Inequalities, Social --- Inequality, Social --- Access To Medicines --- Access to Contraception --- Access to Health Services --- Access to Medications --- Access to Therapy --- Access to Treatment --- Contraception Access --- Contraceptive Access --- Medication Access --- Access To Medicine --- Access to Contraceptions --- Access to Medication --- Access to Therapies --- Access to Treatments --- Access, Contraception --- Access, Contraceptive --- Access, Medication --- Contraception, Access to --- Contraceptive Accesses --- Medication Accesses --- Medication, Access to --- Therapy, Access to --- Treatment, Access to --- Access To Care, Health --- Access to Care --- Access to Medicines --- Access to Cares --- Access to Medicine --- Care, Access to --- Cares, Access to --- Medicine, Access to --- Medicines, Access to --- Accessibilities, Health Services --- Economic and Social Factors --- Social and Economic Factors --- Socioeconomic Characteristics --- Characteristic, Socioeconomic --- Socioeconomic Characteristic

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"Why do we do things that we know are bad for us? Why do we line up to buy greasy fast food that is terrible for our bodies? Why do we take the potentially lethal risk of cosmetic surgery to have a smaller nose, bigger lips, or a less wrinkled face? Why do we risk life and limb in a fit of road rage to seek revenge against someone who merely cut us off in traffic? If these life choices are simply responses to cultural norms and pressures, then why did these particularly self-destructive patterns evolve in place of more sensible ones?" "In When Culture and Biology Collide, E.O. Smith explores behaviors that are endemic to contemporary Western society, and proposes new ways of understanding and addressing these problems." "Topics such as drug abuse, depression, beauty and self-image, obesity and dieting, stress and violence, ethnic diversity, and welfare are all used as sample case studies."--Jacket.

Human biology --- Human evolution. --- Social change. --- Hominidae --- Cultural Evolution. --- Human Body. --- Social Change. --- Social Change --- Human Body --- Cultural Evolution --- Culture --- Sociology --- Socioeconomic Factors --- Catarrhini --- Art --- Haplorhini --- Humanities --- Anthropology, Cultural --- Population Characteristics --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Health Care --- Primates --- Anthropology --- Mammals --- Vertebrates --- Chordata --- Animals --- Eukaryota --- Organisms --- Physical Anthropology --- Eucarya --- Eukarya --- Eukaryotes --- Eukaryotas --- Eukaryote --- Animalia --- Animal --- Metazoa --- Chordates --- Chordate --- Vertebrate --- Mammalia --- Mammal --- Primate --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Cultural Anthropology --- Material Culture --- Ethnography --- Culture, Material --- Ethnographies --- Material Cultures --- Qualitative Research --- Anthropoids --- Anthropoidea --- Monkeys --- Monkey --- Arts --- Factors, Socioeconomic --- High-Income Population --- Land Tenure --- Standard of Living --- Social Inequalities --- Social Inequality --- Factor, Socioeconomic --- High Income Population --- High-Income Populations --- Inequalities, Social --- Inequality, Social --- Living Standard --- Living Standards --- Population, High-Income --- Populations, High-Income --- Socioeconomic Factor --- Tenure, Land --- Economics --- General Social Development and Population --- Beliefs --- Cultural Background --- Cultural Relativism --- Customs --- Background, Cultural --- Backgrounds, Cultural --- Belief --- Cultural Backgrounds --- Cultural Relativisms --- Cultures --- Relativism, Cultural --- Relativisms, Cultural --- Evolution, Cultural --- Cultural Evolutions --- Evolutions, Cultural --- Hominini --- Pongidae --- Apes --- Hominids --- Hominins --- Homo --- Ape --- Hominid --- Hominin --- Homininus --- Body Parts --- Body Parts and Fluids --- Body, Human --- Human Figure --- Bodies, Human --- Figure, Human --- Figures, Human --- Human Bodies --- Human Figures --- Parts, Body --- Modernization --- Social Development --- Social Impact --- Change, Social --- Changes, Social --- Development, Social --- Developments, Social --- Impact, Social --- Impacts, Social --- Social Changes --- Social Developments --- Social Impacts --- Group Processes --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Human beings --- Social aspects. --- physiology. --- psychology. --- Origin --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Economic and Social Factors --- Social and Economic Factors --- Socioeconomic Characteristics --- Characteristic, Socioeconomic --- Socioeconomic Characteristic --- Organelles